The 21st century has seen an increase in the number of water conflicts, and there is a possibility that the current conflict between Iran and Afghanistan over the Helmand River may have repercussions for the surrounding region. In the area that surrounds the river, there is already a significant amount of suffering on both sides as a result of a lack of available water and the loss of economic opportunities. The Rhine Commission of 1950 and the Indus Treaty of 1960 are two case study examples that give frameworks for resolving this conflict. This article provides an overview of the Helmand River Dispute, through the lens of realism, and offers case study examples that suggest possible solutions to the conflict. In the article, it is posited that it is feasible to obtain a long-lasting settlement to the Helmand Dispute through careful examination of current frameworks and employing a strategic diplomatic strategy. This would allow for a complete approach that addresses all socio-economic elements. Given that a new Iranian administration is now in place, the issue has taken on renewed urgency, so as to avoid region tensions escalating.