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The Journal of Political Science

Department of Political Science, Government College University Lahore
ISSN (print): 1726-6467
ISSN (online): 2709-8672

MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM

  • Dr. Imran Iqbal/
  • May 04, 2024
Keywords
Race Theory, Organic Theory of Political Geography, British-Raj, The Great Game.
Abstract

For over a century and a half, the European-centric imperial powers dominated and colonized much of the continents of Africa and Asia. Although the economic/military incentives and political/cultural forces were the principal drivers behind the colonial policies of the Old and the New European empires, alike. The European Imperialism, however, was a distinct phenomenon. It was particularly unique in its tradition to lay moral and scientific grounds for the subjugation and colonization of the Africans and Asians. In this respect, the European ethnographers first resorted to Race Theory, embodied in their mission to civilize Africans and Asians by colonizing them. This Civilization Mission of the Africans and Asians formed the bedrock of the greater part of nineteenth century European Colonialism. However, at the onset of the twentieth century, the Race Theory was superseded by an Organic Theory of Geography in which defence and territorial growth of an empire, rather than the civilizing mission of African and Asians, became raison d'etre for colonial domination and expansion. India was the first colony in modern colonial history that was not only subjected to the Racial Theory, manifested in the British mission to civilize Indians by subjugating and colonizing them but also to the Organic Theory of Political Geography, epitomized in the Great Game between the British and the Russian empires.

How to cite

Iqbal, D. I. (2024). MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM. The Journal of Political Science, 41(2). http://jps.gcu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/6636791784509/page

Retrieved from http://jps.gcu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/6636791784509/page

More citation formats
ACM SIG Proceedings
[1]Iqbal, D.I. 2024. MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM. The Journal of Political Science. 41, 2 (May 2024).
ACS Nano
(1)Iqbal, D. I. MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM. The Journal of Political Science 2024, 41 (2).
ABNT
IQBAL, Dr. Imran. MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM. The Journal of Political Science, v. 41, n. 2, 4 May2024.
Chicago (author-date)

            

                    
Harvard (Cite Them Right)

            

                
Iqbal, D.I. (2024) “MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM”, The Journal of Political Science, 41(2). Available at: http://jps.gcu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/6636791784509/page (Accessed: 16 June 2026).

            

                    
IEEE

            

                
[1]D. I. Iqbal, “MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM”, The Journal of Political Science, vol. 41, no. 2, May 2024, Accessed: June 16, 2026. [Online]. Available: http://jps.gcu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/6636791784509/page

            

                    
MLA

            

                
Iqbal, Dr. Imran. “MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM”. The Journal of Political Science, vols. 41, nos. 2, May 2024, http://jps.gcu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/6636791784509/page.

            

                    
Turabian (full note bibliography)

            

                
Iqbal, Dr. Imran. “MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM”. The Journal of Political Science 41, no. 2 (May 4, 2024). Accessed June 16, 2026. http://jps.gcu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/6636791784509/page.

            

                    
Vancouver

            

                
1.Iqbal DI. MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM. The Journal of Political Science [Internet]. 2024 May 4 [cited 2026 June 16];41(2). Available from: http://jps.gcu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/6636791784509/page

            

                    
AMA

            

                
1.Iqbal DI. MORAL AND SCIENTIFIC BASES OF EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM. The Journal of Political Science. 2024;41(2). Accessed June 16, 2026. http://jps.gcu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/6636791784509/page

            

            






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Author(s):



    

        

        
            
Dr. Imran Iqbal

        
        Author
    

    
Dr. Imran Iqbal is seasoned Academic and has taught in various national and international universities

    
Pakistan

    
    
    


    
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            Type:
            Article
        

        

            Volume:
            41
        

        

            Issue:
            2
        

        

            Language:
            English
        

        

            Id:
            6636791784509
        

                        

            Published
            May 04, 2024
            
        

        
    


        

        

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                            Department  of Political Science, Government College University Lahore
                        

                    
                

            

        

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